Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Gentiopicroside targets PAQR3 to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ameliorate disordered glucose and lipid metabolism

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.023

Figure Lengend Snippet: GPS treatment promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT axis to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in PA-treated HepG2 cells. (A) Glucose uptake assessment in GPS-treated HepG2 cells under palmitate acids conditions ( n = 3). ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 vs. control group, ## P < 0.01 vs. PA-induced group. (B) TG and TC contents in HepG2 cells ( n = 3). ∗∗ P < 0.01 vs. control group, ## P < 0.01 vs. PA-treated group. (C) Lipid droplets deposition was assessed by oil red staining and glycogen synthesis was assessed by PAS staining. (D) GCK, G6Pase, LDLR and SREBP-1c protein levels in palmitate acid-induced HepG2 cells ( n = 3). ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ∗∗ P < 0.01 vs. control group; ### P < 0.001, ## P < 0.01, # P < 0.05 vs. PA-induced group. (E) Effect of GPS on the phosphorylation level of PI3K, AKT and GSK3 β ( n = 3). ∗∗ P < 0.01 vs. control group; ## P < 0.01 vs. insulin-induced group; ^^ P < 0.01, ^ P < 0.05 vs. PA + insulin-induced group. (F) PI3K activity in GPS co-treated HepG2 cells and (G) PIP3 levels in GPS co-treated HepG2 cells ( n = 3). ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 vs. control group; ### P < 0.001, ## P < 0.01 vs. insulin-induced group; ^^ P < 0.01, ^ P < 0.05 vs. PA + insulin-induced group, ns: no significance. (H) The subcellular distribution of FOXO1 and SREBP-1c was determined by immunofluorescent. Green fluorescence indicates FOXO1, red fluorescence indicates SREBP-1c and blue fluorescence indicates nucleus, scale bar = 20 μm. (I) Phosphorylation of FOXO1 and nuclear distribution of FOXO1 and SREBP-1c were measured by Western blot ( n = 3). ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗ P < 0.05 vs. control group; ### P < 0.001, ## P < 0.01 vs. insulin-induced group; ^ P < 0.01, ^ P < 0.05 vs. PA + insulin-induced group. Protein level was quantified and normalized to α -tubulin in the control group cells. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), all experiments were performed at least three times with similar results. ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: PAS staining was carried out with a commercial kit (Cat.: G1281, Solarbio, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer's protocol, and the images were captured by EVOS FL Auto system (Life TechnologiesTM, Grand Island, NY, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Staining, Phospho-proteomics, Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Kr?ppel-like Factor 5 is Important for Maintenance of Crypt Architecture and Barrier Function in Mouse Intestine

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.086

Figure Lengend Snippet: Loss of a restricted differentiation zone and changes in epithelial cell lineage with deletion of Klf5. Paraffin-embedded colon sections from adult control and Klf5 mutant mice were stained with various epithelial markers to identify changes in differentiation. (A) Immunohistochemical staining with the colonic differentiation marker, carbonic anhydrase-I. (B) Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure relative mRNA expression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 in colon tissues from control and mutant mice (*P < 0.001, **P = 0.004, n=3). (C) Alcian blue/Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining to identify goblet cells and immunohistochemical staining of chromogranin A as a marker for enteroendocrine cells.

Article Snippet: Alcian blue/PAS staining of paraffin-embedded sections to identify goblet cells was carried out using the Alcian Blue and PAS Staining Kit (Biocare Medical, Concord, CA) per manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Control, Mutagenesis, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Marker, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing